Safety guarantee of smart meters

Release time:

2023-02-16 09:47

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As countries around the world compete to deploy intelligent transmission systems, how to ensure the safety of these systems has become an important issue. Although there are few specific standards for smart grid security protection, power companies have begun to make a big deal in the early stage of system deployment - equipping IT systems for data collection and analysis, using advanced communication technology to transmit data, and using endpoints (such as smart meters) and grid health monitoring system to generate raw data. Although the security issue has become a widespread concern in recent years, there is still much work to be done, especially the "endpoint" protection, such as the security protection of electricity meters and power grid sensors. This article outlines the threats faced by these endpoints and the security technologies to deal with these threats.
Security threats
There is no doubt that there are many security risks faced by smart grids, but they can be roughly divided into two categories. The first category is individual attack, which means that the target of the attacker is smart grid data to gain their own interests - for example, stealing electricity bills, or concealing the production of illegal drugs. The purpose of individual attack is not to disrupt the power grid management, but to gain the interests of an individual or group.  
The second type of attack refers to activities that pose a threat to society, including activities that attempt to disrupt the operation of the power grid. This may be an attack on the power grid itself (large areas misreport energy consumption, resulting in the tension of the entire power grid's capital chain); It may also be an attack on the society (for example, terrorist attack), resulting in power grid paralysis and user power failure. In case of power failure, production and financial losses will be immeasurable, especially in extremely hot and cold climates, and will pose a threat to human life safety.

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Precautions for megohmmeter

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Precautions for megohmmeter

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Safety guarantee of smart meters

2021-09-15

As countries around the world compete to deploy intelligent transmission systems, how to ensure the safety of these systems has become an important issue. Although there are few specific standards for smart grid security protection, power companies have begun to make a big deal in the early stage of system deployment - equipping IT systems for data collection and analysis, using advanced communication technology to transmit data, and using endpoints (such as smart meters) and grid health monitoring system to generate raw data. Although the security issue has become a widespread concern in recent years, there is still much work to be done, especially the "endpoint" protection, such as the security protection of electricity meters and power grid sensors. This article outlines the threats faced by these endpoints and the security technologies to deal with these threats. Security threats There is no doubt that there are many security risks faced by smart grids, but they can be roughly divided into two categories. The first category is individual attack, which means that the target of the attacker is smart grid data to gain their own interests - for example, stealing electricity bills, or concealing the production of illegal drugs. The purpose of individual attack is not to disrupt the power grid management, but to gain the interests of an individual or group. The second type of attack refers to activities that pose a threat to society, including activities that attempt to disrupt the operation of the power grid. This may be an attack on the power grid itself (large areas misreport energy consumption, resulting in the tension of the entire power grid's capital chain); It may also be an attack on the society (for example, terrorist attack), resulting in power grid paralysis and user power failure. In case of power failure, production and financial losses will be immeasurable, especially in extremely hot and cold climates, and will pose a threat to human life safety.

Precautions for megohmmeter

2021-09-15

1. It is forbidden to measure the insulation resistance in lightning or near the high-voltage equipment. It can only be measured when the equipment is not live and there is no induction electricity. 2. During telemetering, no one can work on the tested equipment. 3. The megohmmeter wires should not be twisted together. They should be separated. 4. It is forbidden to touch the megger with hands before it stops rotating or before the tested equipment is discharged. Do not touch the metal part of the lead when removing the wire. 5. At the end of measurement, discharge large capacitance equipment. 6. The insulation of the measuring flexible wire led from the megger terminal should be good, and the appropriate distance should be kept between the two conductors and between the conductor and the ground to avoid affecting the measurement accuracy. 7. In order to prevent the leakage resistance on the surface of the equipment under test, when using a megger, the intermediate layer of the equipment under test (such as the inner insulation between the cable shell cores) should be connected to the protective ring.

Difference between digital megohmmeter and pointer megohmmeter in practical application

2021-09-15

Difference between the use of digital megohmmeter and pointer megohmmeter in practice 1. Accuracy: The accuracy of digital megohmmeter is generally 0.2 and 0.5, and 0.2 is higher than 0.5. However, the accuracy of the pointer megohmmeter is 1.5, which means that the small accuracy of the ammeter is 1.5% of the large range. For example, if the large range is 100A, the small accuracy is 1. It can be seen that the precision of pointer meter is far higher than that of digital display meter. But does the pointer watch have no merit? The directness of the pointer swing and its swing speed amplitude can sometimes objectively reflect the measured size; Although the reading of the digital meter is visible, the process of digital change seems particularly chaotic and is not easy to watch. 2. There are usually two batteries in the pointer megohmmeter, one is low voltage 1.5V, the other is high voltage 9V or 15V, and its black pen is positive compared with the red pen. Digital megohmmeter usually uses a 6V or 9V battery. In the resistance range, the output current of the pointer meter is much greater than that of the digital meter × 1 Ω gear can make the speaker emit a loud "da" sound × 10k Ω gear can even light up the light emitting diode (LED). 3. In the voltage range, the internal resistance of the pointer megohmmeter is relatively small compared with the digital meter, and the measurement accuracy is relatively poor. Some places with high voltage and low current can not even be accurately measured, because its internal resistance will affect the circuit under test (for example, the measured value will be much lower than the actual value when measuring the accelerating voltage of the TV picture tube). The internal resistance of the digital megohmmeter is particularly large, at least at the megohm level, which has a very small impact on the circuit under test. However, the extremely high output impedance makes it vulnerable to the influence of induced voltage, and the data measured in some places with relatively strong electromagnetic interference may be false. Therefore, it is particularly difficult for pointer megohmmeter to obtain particularly high accuracy. In addition to the influence of the full bias current error of the meter head and the error of the shunt divider resistance on the meter, there is also the so-called linear error, which is the error caused by the uneven sensitivity of the meter head. In today's society, more and more people use digital display meters to replace pointer meters, which has reached the goal of high accuracy and direct reading

Use and safety precautions of megohmmeter

2021-09-15

Core tip: When selecting a megohmmeter, you should also note that the scale value of some megohmmeters is not from zero, but from 1m ω Or 2m ω Start. This megger is not suitable for measuring the insulation resistance of low-voltage electrical equipment in a humid environment, because when the insulation resistance of electrical equipment is less than 1m ω The correct reading will not be obtained. 1. When using the megger, it should be placed stably to avoid shaking the generator handle and the meter body to affect the reading. If there is a megger with horizontal adjustment, adjust the horizontal position first. When selecting a megohmmeter, it should also be noted that the scale value of some megohmmeters is not from zero, but from 1m ω Or 2m ω Start. This megger is not suitable for measuring the insulation resistance of low-voltage electrical equipment in a humid environment, because when the insulation resistance of electrical equipment is less than 1m ω The correct reading will not be obtained. 1. When using the megger, it should be placed stably to avoid shaking the generator handle and the meter body to affect the reading. If there is a megger with horizontal adjustment, adjust the horizontal position first. 2. The special measuring wire for the instrument or two single-core multi-stranded flexible wires with high insulation strength shall be used, and stranded insulated flexible wires shall not be used. 3. Before measurement, open circuit test and short circuit test shall be conducted with a megger. That is, open the "L" and "E" terminals, shake the generator handle to reach the rated speed, and the pointer should point to the "∞" position; Then, short "L" and "E" and shake the handle. At this point, the pointer should point to the "0" position. 4. The electrical equipment to be tested must be powered on, and others are not allowed to approach the equipment to be tested during measurement. 5. Before measurement, the measured equipment must be short-circuited to the ground, especially capacitive electrical equipment, such as cables, large-capacity motors, transformers and capacitors. If it is not discharged, electric shock may occur. 6. During wiring, the "E" end shall be connected to the electrical equipment shell or ground wire, and the "L" end shall be connected to the conductor under test. When measuring the cable insulation resistance, connect the cable insulation layer to the "G" terminal. If the insulation resistance of the equipment is measured in wet weather, shielded terminals shall also be used and connected to the insulation support to eliminate the impact of leakage current on the insulation surface on the measurement of insulation resistance.